IB 数学 IA HL代写

　　Additional Notes and Guidance on the exploration

　　Criteria and Notes

　　编写了其他注释，以为主持人应用标准提供进一步的指导。 这些说明将为教师提供有用的建议，因此包含在本文档中。p>

　　有关探索的更多建议和信息可从在线课程中心（OCC）中获得，这些内容将包括在主题报告和更新的教师支持材料（TSM）中。 这将包括未标记和标记的示例学生作品.

　　老师需要更熟悉的一个领域是引用的使用。 OCC上提供了有关学术诚实各个方面的信息和指南，但是让学生承认来源并在工作中引用它们是至关重要的。 在参考书目中仅注明来源是不够的.

　　主持人的反馈表明，许多老师没有提供有关作品的评论和注释。 教师应提供尽可能多的信息，包括授予某些级别的原因以及背景信息。 标记信息应包括在作品本身以及表格5 / EXCS中.

　　教师还负责检查所使用的数学是否正确，并指出或指出错误之处。 标准A：沟通

　　该标准评估了勘探的组织性和连贯性。 井井有条的探索包含引言，基本原理（包括解释为什么选择此主题），描述探索的目的并得出结论。 逻辑上开发了连贯的探索并且易于遵循.

　　图形，表格和图表应在适当的位置陪同工作，而不应作为附录附在文档中.

　　附加条款

　　完整的探索将清楚地解释所有步骤，并将实现其目标.

　　关键思想和概念应该清楚地说明。 数学定义和术语应在标准B下考虑。

　　不需要使用技术（尽管在适当的情况下鼓励使用）。 因此，使用分析方法而不是技术方法并不一定意味着缺乏简洁性，因此不应受到惩罚。 这并不意味着可以重复计算.

　　能够显示出某种组织但缺乏某种连贯性的探索可以达到第1级。

　目的，介绍，基本原理和结论不一定要由学生正式确定，而可能是探索的主体.

　　组织是指总体结构或框架，包括引言，正文，结论等.

　　连贯性是指勘探的不同部分之间相互链接的程度。 它也可以引用整个流程，包括不同部分之间，或者从文本到数学表示等。.

　　Criterion B: Mathematical presentation

　　This criterion assesses to what extent the student is able to:

　　• use appropriate mathematical language (notation, symbols, terminology)

　　• define key terms, where required

　　• use multiple forms of mathematical representation such as formulae, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs and models, where appropriate.

　　•

　　Students are expected to use mathematical language when communicating mathematical ideas, reasoning and findings.

　　Students are encouraged to choose and use appropriate ICT tools such as graphic display calculators, screenshots, graphing, spreadsheets, databases, drawing and word processing software, as appropriate, to enhance mathematical communication.

　　Criterion C: Personal engagement

　　This criterion assesses the extent to which the student engages with the exploration and makes it their own. Personal engagement may be recognized in different attributes and skills. These include thinking independently and/or creatively, addressing personal interest and presenting mathematical ideas in their own way.

　　Additional notes

　　There must be evidence of personal engagement seen in the exploration. It is not sufficient that a teacher comments that a student was highly engaged.

　　There are many ways of demonstrating personal engagement, not just those mentioned in the guide and TSM.

　　A common “investigation/textbook problem” is unlikely to achieve the higher levels on criterion C unless there is clear evidence that the student has considered the problem from their own viewpoint or other contexts. This could be demonstrated by the students considering and applying new mathematics.

　　“Abundant evidence” refers to what is reasonable for a DP student (rather than an experienced teacher) to demonstrate in an exploration. Criterion D: Reflection

　　This criterion assesses how the student reviews, analyses and evaluates the exploration. Although reflection may be seen in the conclusion to the exploration, it may also be found throughout the exploration. Additional notes

　　Simply describing results represents limited or superficial reflection. Further consideration is required to achieve the higher levels.

　　Some ways of showing meaningful reflection are: linking to the aims, commenting on what they have learnt, considering some limitations or comparing different mathematical approaches.

　　Some ways of showing critical reflection are: considering what next, discussing implications of results, discussing strengths and weaknesses of approaches, and considering different perspectives.

　　Substantial evidence is likely to mean that reflection is present throughout the exploration. Potentially it may be seen only at the end; however this will need to be of a high quality in order to achieve a level 3. Criterion E :Use of mathematics

　　This criterion assesses to what extent and how well students use mathematics in the exploration

　　Students are expected to produce work that is commensurate with the level of the course. The mathematics explored should either be part of the syllabus, or at a similar level or beyond. It should not be completely based on mathematics listed in the prior learning. If the level of mathematics is not commensurate with the level of the course, a maximum of two marks can be awarded for this criterion.

　　The mathematics can be regarded as correct even if there are occasional minor errors as long as they do not detract from the flow of the mathematics or lead to an unreasonable outcome. Sophistication in mathematics may include understanding and use of challenging mathematical concepts, looking at a problem from different perspectives and seeing underlying structures to link different areas of mathematics. Rigour involves clarity of logic and language when making mathematical arguments and calculations. Precise mathematics is error-free and uses an appropriate level of accuracy at all times.

　　Additional notes

　　A key word in the descriptors is “demonstrated”. Obtaining a correct answer is not sufficient to demonstrate understanding. A student must demonstrate their understanding (even limited understanding) in order to achieve level 2 or higher in this criterion.

　　For knowledge and understanding to be thorough it must be demonstrated throughout the work.

　　Regression using technology is commensurate with the level of the course, but understanding must be demonstrated in order for the candidate to achieve level 1 or higher.

　　The mathematics used need only be what is required to support the development of the exploration. This could be a few small topics or even a single topic from the syllabus. It will be better to do a few things well, rather than a lot of things not so well. If the mathematics used is relevant to the topic being explored, commensurate with the course, and understood by the student, then it can achieve a high level in this criterion. The exploration does not necessarily need to contain the mathematical rigour and sophistication that is assessed in the later parts of the examinations, or that seen in the old IA tasks.

　　It is acceptable for students to solve hard problems using “simple topics” and “harder topics” may be used to solve simpler problems. In either situation sophistication and rigour can be demonstrated.

　　The use of technology is highly encouraged, however higher levels are awarded for the sophisticated use of technology as opposed to the use of sophisticated technology.

　　While topics specifically listed in the Prior Learning are not considered commensurate with the course, other topics not listed in the syllabus may be commensurate.

　　Maths IA – Maths Exploration Topics

　　Algebra and number

　　1) Modular arithmetic – This technique is used throughout Number Theory. For example, Mod 3 means the remainder when dividing by 3.

　　2) Goldbach’s conjecture: “Every even number greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes.” One of the great unsolved problems in mathematics.

　　3) Probabilistic number theory

　　4) Applications of complex numbers: The stunning graphics of Mandelbrot and Julia Sets are generated by complex numbers.

　　5) Diophantine equations: These are polynomials which have integer solutions. Fermat’s Last Theorem is one of the most famous such equations.

　　6) Continued fractions: These are fractions which continue to infinity. The great Indian mathematician Ramanujan discovered some amazing examples of these.

　　7) Patterns in Pascal’s triangle: There are a large number of patterns to discover – including the Fibonacci sequence.

　　8) Finding prime numbers: The search for prime numbers and the twin prime conjecture are some of the most important problems in mathematics. There is a $1 million prize for solving the Riemann Hypothesis and $250,000 available for anyone who discovers a new, really big prime number.

　　9) Random numbers

　　10) Pythagorean triples: A great introduction into number theory – investigating the solutions of Pythagoras’ Theorem which are integers (eg. 3,4,5 triangle).

　　11) Mersenne primes: These are primes that can be written as 2^n -1.

　　12) Magic squares and cubes: Investigate magic tricks that use mathematics. Why do magic squares work?

　　13) Loci and complex numbers

　　14) Egyptian fractions: Egyptian fractions can only have a numerator of 1 – which leads to some interesting patterns. 2/3 could be written as 1/6 + 1/2. Can all fractions with a numerator of 2 be written as 2 Egyptian fractions?

　　15) Complex numbers and transformations

　　16) Euler’s identity: An equation that has been voted the most beautiful equation of all time, Euler’s identity links together 5 of the most important numbers in mathematics.

　　17) Chinese remainder theorem. This is a puzzle that was posed over 1500 years ago by a Chinese mathematician. It involves understanding the modulo operation.

　　18) Fermat’s last theorem: A problem that puzzled mathematicians for centuries – and one that has only recently been solved.

　　19) Natural logarithms of complex numbers

　　20) Twin primes problem: The question as to whether there are patterns in the primes has fascinated mathematicians for centuries. The twin prime conjecture states that there are infinitely many consecutive primes ( eg. 5 and 7 are consecutive primes). There has been a recent breakthrough in this problem.

　　21) Hypercomplex numbers

　　22) Diophantine application: Cole numbers

　　23) Perfect Numbers: Perfect numbers are the sum of their factors (apart from the last factor). ie 6 is a perfect number because 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.

　　24) Euclidean algorithm for GCF

　　25) Palindrome numbers: Palindrome numbers are the same backwards as forwards.

　　26) Fermat’s little theorem: If p is a prime number then a^p – a is a multiple of p.

　　27) Prime number sieves

　　28) Recurrence expressions for phi (golden ratio): Phi appears with remarkable consistency in nature and appears to shape our understanding of beauty and symmetry.

　　29) The Riemann Hypothesis – one of the greatest unsolved problems in mathematics – worth $1million to anyone who solves it (not for the faint hearted!)

　　30) Time travel to the future: Investigate how traveling close to the speed of light allows people to travel “forward” in time relative to someone on Earth. Why does the twin paradox work?

　　31) Graham’s Number – a number so big that thinking about it could literally collapse your brain into a black hole.

　　32) RSA code – the most important code in the world? How all our digital communications are kept safe through the properties of primes.

　　33) The Chinese Remainder Theorem: This is a method developed by a Chinese mathematician Sun Zi over 1500 years ago to solve a numerical puzzle. An interesting insight into the mathematical field of Number Theory.

　　34) Cesaro Summation: Does 1 – 1 + 1 – 1 … = 1/2?. A post which looks at the maths behind this particularly troublesome series.

　　35) Fermat’s Theorem on the sum of 2 squares – An example of how to use mathematical proof to solve problems in number theory.

　　36) Can we prove that 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 …. = -1/12 ? How strange things happen when we start to manipulate divergent series.

　　37) Mathematical proof and paradox – a good opportunity to explore some methods of proof and to show how logical errors occur.

　　38) Friendly numbers, Solitary numbers, perfect numbers. Investigate what makes a number happy or sad, or sociable! Can you find the loop of infinite sadness?

　　39) Zeno’s Paradox – Achilles and the Tortoise – A look at the classic paradox from ancient Greece – the philosopher “proved” a runner could never catch a tortoise – no matter how fast he ran.

　　40) Stellar Numbers – This is an excellent example of a pattern sequence investigation. Choose your own pattern investigation for the exploration.

　　41) Arithmetic number puzzle – It could be interesting to do an exploration where you solve number problems – like this one.

　　42) Normal Numbers – and random number generators – what is a normal number – and how are they connected to random number generators?

　　43) Narcissistic Numbers – what makes a number narcissistic – and how can we find them all?

　　44) Modelling Chaos – how we can use grahical software to understand the behavior of sequences

　　Geometry

　　1a) Non-Euclidean geometries: This allows us to “break” the rules of conventional geometry – for example, angles in a triangle no longer add up to 180 degrees. In some geometries triangles add up to more than 180 degrees, in others less than 180 degrees.

　　1b) The shape of the universe – non-Euclidean Geometry is at the heart of Einstein’s theories on General Relativity and essential to understanding the shape and behavior of the universe.

　　2) Hexaflexagons: These are origami style shapes that through folding can reveal extra faces.

　　3) Minimal surfaces and soap bubbles: Soap bubbles assume the minimum possible surface area to contain a given volume.

　　4) Tesseract – a 4D cube: How we can use maths to imagine higher dimensions.

　　5) Stacking cannon balls: An investigation into the patterns formed from stacking canon balls in different ways.

　　6) Mandelbrot set and fractal shapes: Explore the world of infinitely generated pictures and fractional dimensions.

　　7) Sierpinksi triangle: a fractal design that continues forever.

　　8) Squaring the circle: This is a puzzle from ancient times – which was to find out whether a square could be created that had the same area as a given circle. It is now used as a saying to represent something impossible.

　　9) Polyominoes: These are shapes made from squares. The challenge is to see how many different shapes can be made with a given number of squares – and how can they fit together?

　　10) Tangrams: Investigate how many different ways different size shapes can be fitted together.

　　11) Understanding the fourth dimension: How we can use mathematics to imagine (and test for) extra dimensions.

　　12) The Riemann Sphere – an exploration of some non-Euclidean geometry. Straight lines are not straight, parallel lines meet and angles in a triangle don’t add up to 180 degrees.

　　13) Graphically understanding complex roots – have you ever wondered what the complex root of a quadratic actually means graphically? Find out!

　　14) Circular inversion – what does it mean to reflect in a circle? A great introduction to some of the ideas behind non-euclidean geometry.

　　15) Julia Sets and Mandelbrot Sets – We can use complex numbers to create beautiful patterns of infinitely repeating fractals. Find out how!

　　16) Graphing polygons investigation. Can we find a function that plots a square? Are there functions which plot any polygons? Use computer graphing to investigate.

　　17) Graphing Stewie from Family Guy. How to use graphic software to make art from equations.

　　18) Hyperbolic geometry – how we can map the infinite hyperbolic plane onto the unit circle, and how this inspired the art of Escher.

　　19) Elliptical Curves– how this class of curves have importance in solving Fermat’s Last Theorem and in cryptography.

　　20) The Coastline Paradox – how we can measure the lengths of coastlines, and uses the idea of fractals to arrive at fractional dimensions.

　　21) Projective geometry – the development of geometric proofs based on points at infinity.

　　22) The Folium of Descartes. This is a nice way to link some maths history with studying an interesting function.

　　23) Measuring the Distance to the Stars. Maths is closely connected with astronomy – see how we can work out the distance to the stars.

　　24) A geometric proof for the arithmetic and geometric mean. Proof doesn’t always have to be algebraic. Here is a geometric proof.

　　25) Euler’s 9 Point Circle. This is a lovely construction using just compasses and a ruler.

　　26) Plotting the Mandelbrot Set – using Geogebra to graphically generate the Mandelbrot Set.

　　27) Volume optimization of a cuboid – how to use calculus and graphical solutions to optimize the volume of a cuboid.

　　28) Ford Circles– how to generate Ford circles and their links with fractions.

　　Calculus/analysis and functions

　　1) The harmonic series: Investigate the relationship between fractions and music, or investigate whether this series converges.

　　2) Torus – solid of revolution: A torus is a donut shape which introduces some interesting topological ideas.

　　3) Projectile motion: Studying the motion of projectiles like cannon balls is an essential part of the mathematics of war. You can also model everything from Angry Birds to stunt bike jumping. A good use of your calculus skills.

　　4) Why e is base of natural logarithm function: A chance to investigate the amazing number e.

　　5) Fourier Transforms – the most important tool in mathematics? Fourier transforms have an essential part to play in modern life – and are one of the keys to understanding the world around us. This mathematical equation has been described as the most important in all of physics. Find out more! (This topic is only suitable for IB HL students).

　　6) Batman and Superman maths – how to use Wolfram Alpha to plot graphs of the Batman and Superman logo

　　7) Explore the Si(x) function – a special function in calculus that can’t be integrated into an elementary function.

　　8) The Remarkable Dirac Delta Function. This is a function which is used in Quantum mechanics – it describes a peak of zero width but with area 1.

　　9) Optimization of area – an investigation. This is an nice example of how you can investigation optimization of the area of different polygons.

　　Statistics and modelling

　　1) Traffic flow: How maths can model traffic on the roads.

　　2) Logistic function and constrained growth

　　3) Benford’s Law – using statistics to catch criminals by making use of a surprising distribution.

　　4) Bad maths in court – how a misuse of statistics in the courtroom can lead to devastating miscarriages of justice.

　　5) The mathematics of cons – how con artists use pyramid schemes to get rich quick.

　　6) Impact Earth – what would happen if an asteroid or meteorite hit the Earth?

　　7) Black Swan events – how usefully can mathematics predict small probability high impact events?

　　8) Modelling happiness – how understanding utility value can make you happier.

　　9) Does finger length predict mathematical ability? Investigate the surprising correlation between finger ratios and all sorts of abilities and traits.

　　10) Modelling epidemics/spread of a virus

　　11) The Monty Hall problem – this video will show why statistics often lead you to unintuitive results.

　　12) Monte Carlo simulations

　　13) Lotteries

　　14) Bayes’ theorem: How understanding probability is essential to our legal system.

　　15) Birthday paradox: The birthday paradox shows how intuitive ideas on probability can often be wrong. How many people need to be in a room for it to be at least 50% likely that two people will share the same birthday? Find out!

　　16) Are we living in a computer simulation? Look at the Bayesian logic behind the argument that we are living in a computer simulation.

　　17) Does sacking a football manager affect results? A chance to look at some statistics with surprising results.

　　18) Which times tables do students find most difficult? A good example of how to conduct a statistical investigation in mathematics.

　　19) Introduction to Modelling. This is a fantastic 70 page booklet explaining different modelling methods from Moody’s Mega Maths Challenge.

　　20) Modelling infectious diseases – how we can use mathematics to predict how diseases like measles will spread through a population

　　21) Using Chi Squared to crack codes – Chi squared can be used to crack Vigenere codes which for hundreds of years were thought to be unbreakable. Unleash your inner spy!

　　22) Modelling Zombies – How do zombies spread? What is your best way of surviving the zombie apocalypse? Surprisingly maths can help!

　　23) Modelling music with sine waves – how we can understand different notes by sine waves of different frequencies. Listen to the sounds that different sine waves make.

　　24) Are you psychic? Use the binomial distribution to test your ESP abilities.

　　25) Reaction times – are you above or below average? Model your data using a normal distribution.

　　26) Modelling volcanoes – look at how the Poisson distribution can predict volcanic eruptions, and perhaps explore some more advanced statistical tests.

　　27) Could Trump win the next election? How the normal distribution is used to predict elections.

　　28) How to avoid a Troll – an example of a problem solving based investigation

　　29) The Gini Coefficient – How to model economic inequality

　　30) Maths of Global Warming – Modeling Climate Change – Using Desmos to model the change in atmospheric Carbon Dioxide.

　　31) Modelling radioactive decay – the mathematics behind radioactivity decay, used extensively in science.

　　32) Circular Motion: Modelling a Ferris wheel. Use Tracker software to create a Sine wave.

　　33) Spotting Asset Bubbles. How to use modeling to predict booms and busts.

　　34) The Rise of Bitcoin. Is Bitcoin going to keep rising or crash?

　　35) Fun with Functions!. Some nice examples of using polar coordinates to create interesting designs.

　　36) Predicting the UK election using linear regression. The use of regression in polling predictions.

　　37) Modelling a Nuclear War. What would happen to the climate in the event of a nuclear war?

　　38) Modelling a football season . We can use a Poisson model and some Excel expertise to predict the outcome of sports matches – a technique used by gambling firms.

　　39)Modeling hours of daylight – using Desmos to plot the changing hours of daylight in different countries.

　　Games and game theory

　　1) The prisoner’s dilemma: The use of game theory in psychology and economics.

　　2) Sudoku

　　3) Gambler’s fallacy: A good chance to investigate misconceptions in probability and probabilities in gambling. Why does the house always win?

　　4) Bluffing in Poker: How probability and game theory can be used to explore the the best strategies for bluffing in poker.

　　5) Knight’s tour in chess: This chess puzzle asks how many moves a knight must make to visit all squares on a chess board.

　　6) Billiards and snooker

　　7) Zero sum games

　　8) How to “Solve” Noughts and Crossess (Tic Tac Toe) – using game theory. This topics provides a fascinating introduction to both combinatorial Game Theory and Group Theory.

　　9) Maths and football – Do managerial sackings really lead to an improvement in results? We can analyse the data to find out. Also look at the finances behind Premier league teams

　　10) Is there a correlation between Premier League wages and league position? Also look at how the Championship compares to the Premier League.

　　11) The One Time Pad – an uncrackable code? Explore the maths behind code making and breaking.

　　12) How to win at Rock Paper Scissors. Look at some of the maths (and psychology behind winning this game.

　　13) The Watson Selection Task – a puzzle which tests logical reasoning. Are maths students better than history students?

　　Topology and networks

　　1) Knots

　　2) Steiner problem

　　3) Chinese postman problem – This is a problem from graph theory – how can a postman deliver letters to every house on his streets in the shortest time possible?

　　4) Travelling salesman problem

　　5) Königsberg bridge problem: The use of networks to solve problems. This particular problem was solved by Euler.

　　6) Handshake problem: With n people in a room, how many handshakes are required so that everyone shakes hands with everyone else?

　　7) Möbius strip: An amazing shape which is a loop with only 1 side and 1 edge.

　　8) Klein bottle

　　9) Logic and sets

　　10) Codes and ciphers: ISBN codes and credit card codes are just some examples of how codes are essential to modern life. Maths can be used to both make these codes and break them.

　　11) Zeno’s paradox of Achilles and the tortoise: How can a running Achilles ever catch the tortoise if in the time taken to halve the distance, the tortoise has moved yet further away?

　　12) Four colour map theorem – a puzzle that requires that a map can be coloured in so that every neighbouring country is in a different colour. What is the minimum number of colours needed for any map?

　　13) Telephone Numbers – these are numbers with special properties which grow very large very quickly. This topic links to graph theory.

　　14)The Poincare Conjecture and Grigori Perelman – Learn about the reclusive Russian mathematician who turned down $1 million for solving one of the world’s most difficult maths problems.

　　Mathematics and Physics

　　1) The Monkey and the Hunter – How to Shoot a Monkey – Using Newtonian mathematics to decide where to aim when shooting a monkey in a tree.

　　2) How to Design a Parachute – looking at the physics behind parachute design to ensure a safe landing!

　　3) Galileo: Throwing cannonballs off The Leaning Tower of Pisa – Recreating Galileo’s classic experiment, and using maths to understand the surprising result.

　　4) Rocket Science and Lagrange Points – how clever mathematics is used to keep satellites in just the right place.

　　5) Fourier Transforms – the most important tool in mathematics? – An essential component of JPEG, DNA analysis, WIFI signals, MRI scans, guitar amps – find out about the maths behind these essential technologies.

　　6) Bullet projectile motion experiment – using Tracker software to model the motion of a bullet.

　　7) Quantum Mechanics – a statistical universe? Look at the inherent probabilistic nature of the universe with some quantum mechanics.

　　8) Log Graphs to Plot Planetary Patterns. The planets follow a surprising pattern when measuring their distances.

　　9) Modeling with springs and weights. Some classic physics – which generates some nice mathematical graphs.

　　10) Is Intergalactic space travel possible? Using the physics of travel near the speed of light to see how we could travel to other stars.

　　Maths and computing

　　1) The Van Eck Sequence – The Van Eck Sequence is a sequence that we still don’t fully understand – we can use programing to help!

　　2) Solving maths problems using computers – computers are really useful in solving mathematical problems. Here are some examples solved using Python.

　　3) Stacking cannonballs – solving maths with code – how to stack cannonballs in different configurations.

　　4) What’s so special about 277777788888899? – Playing around with multiplicative persistence – can you break the world record?

　　5) Project Euler: Coding to Solve Maths Problems. A nice starting point for students good at coding – who want to put these skills to the test mathematically.

　　Further ideas:

　　1) Radiocarbon dating – understanding radioactive decay allows scientists and historians to accurately work out something’s age – whether it be from thousands or even millions of years ago.

　　2) Gravity, orbits and escape velocity – Escape velocity is the speed required to break free from a body’s gravitational pull. Essential knowledge for future astronauts.

　　3) Mathematical methods in economics – maths is essential in both business and economics – explore some economics based maths problems.

　　4) Genetics – Look at the mathematics behind genetic inheritance and natural selection.

　　5) Elliptical orbits – Planets and comets have elliptical orbits as they are influenced by the gravitational pull of other bodies in space. Investigate some rocket science!

　　6) Logarithmic scales – Decibel, Richter, etc. are examples of log scales – investigate how these scales are used and what they mean.

　　7) Fibonacci sequence and spirals in nature – There are lots of examples of the Fibonacci sequence in real life – from pine cones to petals to modelling populations and the stock market.

　　8) Change in a person’s BMI over time – There are lots of examples of BMI stats investigations online – see if you can think of an interesting twist.

　　9) Designing bridges – Mathematics is essential for engineers such as bridge builders – investigate how to design structures that carry weight without collapse.

　　10) Mathematical card tricks – investigate some maths magic.

　　11) Flatland by Edwin Abbott – This famous book helps understand how to imagine extra dimension. You can watch a short video on it here

　　12) Towers of Hanoi puzzle – This famous puzzle requires logic and patience. Can you find the pattern behind it?

　　13) Different number systems – Learn how to add, subtract, multiply and divide in Binary. Investigate how binary is used – link to codes and computing.

　　14) Methods for solving differential equations – Differential equations are amazingly powerful at modelling real life – from population growth to to pendulum motion. Investigate how to solve them.

　　15) Modelling epidemics/spread of a virus – what is the mathematics behind understanding how epidemics occur? Look at how infectious Ebola really is.

　　16) Hyperbolic functions – These are linked to the normal trigonometric functions but with notable differences. They are useful for modelling more complex shapes.

　　17) Medical data mining – Explore the use and misuse of statistics in medicine and science.